ABSTRACT
Introducción: Para una correcta planificación enSalud Mental es fundamental conocer la carga asistencialhospitalaria derivada de los ingresos psicopatológicos,por ello abordamos el estudio de la realidad psiquiátricahospitalaria española.Objetivo: Analizar los episodios hospitalarios psiquiátricosen España y las variables sociodemográficasy clínicas asociadas a estos.Material y métodos: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivode la morbilidad en psicopatología hospitalaria,bajo un diseño ecológico. Se analizan todos los ingresospsiquiátricos de los hospitales del Sistema Nacional deSalud (SNS) del año 2002 (69.413 altas), utilizandocomo fuentes de información el Conjunto Mínimo deDatos al Alta Hospitalaria (CMBDAH) y los GruposRelacionados por el Diagnóstico (GRD).Resultados y discusión: Se evidencian diferencias enfunción del sexo (principalmente psicopatológicas y deestancia hospitalaria) y se constata, mediante indicadoresmultivariantes, la diversidad en cuanto a carga asistencialy a la gestión que de los episodios de hospitalizaciónrealizan las diferentes comunidades(AU)
Introduction: According to a correct Mental Healthplanning, to know the hospital assistance load derivedfrom the psychiatric admissions is required. Thus, westudied the psychiatric hospitalization reality in Spain.Objective: To analyse the psychiatric hospitalizationepisodes in Spain, and its clinical and social-demographicvariables associated.Material and methods: Epidemiologic descriptivestudy of the morbidity in psychopathology hospitalization,within an ecological design. The analysis of all thepsychiatric admissions in the National Health SystemHospitals (SNS) for the year 2002 was effected (69,413admissions), using the Minimum Basic Data Set at HospitalDischarge (CMBDAH) and Diagnosis RelatedGroups (DRGs), as sources of information.Results and discussion: Differences in terms of sexare showed (mainly, psycho-pathologic and hospitalstay), and the diversity as for assistance load and for themanagement of the hospitalization episodes conductedby the different autonomous regions is noted, by meansof multivariate indicators(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , 17140 , Hospital Mortality , Hospital Care , Hospital Information Systems , Health Services Research , Health Services Research , Morbidity , Mental Health , Epidemiologic Studies , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study is aimed at describing the psychological, psychopathological, medical and social aspects of a mentally retarded population being provided with care by AFANAS-Jerez affording the possibility of assessing this type of problem from an epidemiological standpoint. METHODS: A descriptive case series study is conducted to characterize a mentally retarded (MR) population. An assessment was made of the psychological, medical and social aspects. The degree of intelligence was analyzed using the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale. The adaptive behavior, frequency, typology and seriousness of the behavior problems were assessed by means of the Service Planning and Individual Scheduling Inventory. A psychopathological screening examination was conducted. This study is rounded out with a social and medical evaluation by means of structured interviews. The information from the different areas was encoded and was analyzed using the EPIINFO v6.0 and C.I.A. programs. RESULTS: The average age of the mentally retarded population studied was 32.2 (S.D. 9.2 years). Seventy-three percent (73%) males as compared to 27% females. Behavior problems were found to exist among 45.1% of the subjects. We have set up a statistical relationship between the existence/non-existence of said problems and the degree of MR, such that the greater the loss of intellectual capacity, the greater the probability of having behavior problems. One of the psychopathological symptoms worthy of special mention is the anxiety found to exist among 60.2%. The medical examination reveals the large number of problems related to with MR, we thus finding 22.48% of the subjects to have epilepsy, nearly 20% Down's Syndrome, etc. Also worthy of special mention is the low educational level of the parents and the family conflicts resulting from the child's retardation. CONCLUSIONS: Special mention must be made of how MR is a highly complex whole entailing a large number of related medical, psychological, psychiatric and social disorders, this being a situation brought to fore in this study, many of the disorders revealed to exist being related to the degree of MR. We are of the opinion that an epidemiological approach to the study of MR may be of use for a better comprehension of this problem.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Anxiety/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Female , Health Status , Humans , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Male , Sex Factors , Social Behavior , Spain/epidemiology , Wechsler ScalesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of a programme of intervention into the monitoring of short-term unfitness for work of members of the Special Sea Regime at Cádiz during 1997. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental intervention study with a pre- and post-intervention group, formed by the doctors from the Instituto Social de la Marina (ISM) at Cádiz. SETTING: Primary care, 1997. PARTICIPANTS: 21 doctors carrying out their health-care duties in the ISM clinics. INTERVENTION: Activities aimed at the doctors, seeking to highlight the need to protect workers suffering incapacitating pathologies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In January the indices of those off work were similar (2.38 in January 1996, and 2.39 in January 1997). Then the differences widened, with September 1997 (2.42) marking the biggest difference with the same month in 1996 (1.44). However, the mean length of the periods of time off was greater in 1997 than in 1996. The number of sick certificates processed in 1997 (1233) was less than in 1996 (1326). But the opposite occurred with notes for return to work (1209 in 1996 and 1311 in 1997). The mean duration of the period of time signed off increased after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A quantitative change in the indicators of management of short-term unfitness for work occurred.
Subject(s)
Absenteeism , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Fisheries , Government Agencies , Humans , Male , Naval Medicine , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Seasons , Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Social Security , Spain/epidemiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To identify the year in which AIDS appeared as a cause of permanent disability among the members of the Special Sea Regime (REM), and to evaluate the clinical, social and labour characteristics of AIDS patients between 1987 and 1996. DESIGN: Descriptive study of series of cases. SETTING: Cádiz Province, 1987 to 1996. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with a disability proposal report from the Provincial Medical Inspectorate of the ISM (Fleet Social Institute) in Cádiz province between 1987 and 1996. MAIN RESULTS: AIDS appeared as the cause of permanent disability for the first time in 1988. 1994 and 1995 were the years with most cases. Over 90% of the reports of permanent disability analysed, in which AIDS appeared as the cause, belonged to workers professionally classed as sailors. AIDS is a highly disabling disease and accounted for 13.26% of all absolute permanent disabilities. The risk conduct of patients for whom a disability proposal was made was rarely recorded in the reports, which made it impossible to specify it in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: There must be health education and preventive counselling of REM members who attend the Maritime Health Service for their compulsory pre-embarkation check-up.
